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This is a list of rulers of Kievan Rus', the Tsardom of Russia, the Russian Empire, the Russian Republic, the Soviet Union, and the modern Russian Federation. It does not include regents, acting rulers, rulers of the separatist states in the territory of Russia, persons who applied for the post of ruler, but did not become one, rebel leaders who did not control the capital, and the nominal heads of the Russian SFSR.